Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Gualtieri and A. For comparison, total CO2 emissions in the U. Solid waste contribution by life cycle stage for and diapers in a the USA with 4, diapers and b Western Europe with 3, diapers. Almost all human activities, with the many processes and products involved, have some environmental impact. Finally, uncertainty in the model due to lack of information assumptions was assessed by sensitivity analyses, evaluating if alternative assumptions lead to different conclusions. Contact Careers. Published : 10 November This is largely because energy requirements for raw material production are far larger than for truck and ship fuel. Reducing Our Carbon Footprint Find out how we are taking steps to lower our carbon footprint. Int J Life Cycle Assess — Recycled diapers packaging logo Pampers diaper packaging is designed to be recyclable where facilities exists. MRI Project No. To provide a more robust assessment for these LCAs, however, the uncertainty of results associated with variability in input data was assessed with 1, Monte Carlo iterations. Which methods are useful to increase the certainty that results are accurate and meaningful for environmental conservation?
Uncertainty due to data variability was assessed with Monte Carlo analyses and showed that even though differences between both diapers are small, they are probably real. In the northern Great Plains, weather extremes like drought and flooding, as well as declining water resources, threaten an economy dependent largely on crops, cattle, energy production and recreation. Which methods are useful to increase the certainty that results are accurate and meaningful for environmental conservation? Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and source are credited. Select the newsletters you would like to receive. Brussels, Belgium. In the European Union, each conventional disposable diaper is estimated to release 89 grams of CO2 from the production of raw materials; glueless models can reduce that impact by about 10 percent. Correspondence to Anne V.
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Google Scholar. For products with LCA profiles like disposable diapers, designing more effective products and influencing behaviors in the supply chain are the most impactful things that a corporation can do to achieve sustainable product development and enable more sustainable living. Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the sustainability of disposable baby diapers nappies using life cycle assessments LCAs. Results for the US case are very similar see Fig. Brussels, Belgium. This assessment showed that the scale of the differences may change, but not the direction of the difference. Global warming covers a range of potential impacts resulting from a change in the global climate. Skip to main content. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and source are credited. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the sustainability of disposable baby diapers nappies using life cycle assessments LCAs. Already have an account? Download PDF Format opens in new window.
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- Contributions to the relevant midpoint categories for the and diapers in a the USA with 4, diapers and b Western Europe with 3, diapers.
- The use of multiple LCIA methods to compare products is helpful to confirm consistency of results.
- Read about our steps and commitments for a less wasteful world with our lighter diapers and learnings from waste pilots worldwide.
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the sustainability of disposable baby diapers nappies using life cycle assessments LCAs. Size 4 Pampers® Cruisers North American name and ActiveFit European name from are compared to new versions made in to determine if the design and materials changes intended to improve performance also lead to reductions in the most relevant environmental indicators. SimaPro 7 is used to model the LCA. Several life cycle impact assessments LCIA methods, sensitivity analyses, normalization to annual consumption, and Monte Carlo analysis are used to produce and check results. Other indicators are insignificant. The new Pampers® diapers sold in the USA and Europe have a reduced environmental footprint versus the previous versions Significant reductions are achieved in non-renewable energy use and global warming potential, as well as other environmental indicators by optimizing the diaper design and the materials. Although some of the results are single digit reductions, Monte Carlo analysis indicates that there is a high probability that the differences are real. The use of multiple LCIA methods to compare products is helpful to confirm consistency of results. Normalizing the LCIA scores to annual consumption also helps prioritize which environmental indicators can be impactful and affected by changing a product. To achieve sustainable living, communities must balance the environmental, societal, and financial impacts associated with what we produce, use, and discard. Life cycle assessment LCA is the only holistic framework that exists today to help us understand the many ways in which a product or service could impact the environment, because LCA forces a rational examination of many indicators throughout material and product manufacture, use, and end-of-life EOL. Pampers is one of its top-selling products globally. Multiple life cycle studies of different diapering systems have been conducted for USA and European conditions between and , several of which were published in open literature EDANA Sustainability Reports and ; Fava et al. Consecutive LCA studies were conducted because several material and design innovations led to significant compositional changes and weight reductions of disposable diapers and their packaging Fig.
Some disposable diapers are produced with biopolymers of plant origin, which may offer long-term net carbon sequestration from the atmosphere if they are land-filled. Photo by Niklas Morberg, climate pamper us. Whether they are used on the very young or the very old, disposable diapers must be regarded as one of the most convenient products of modern society. Question is: what type of impact do these products have on the environment? Conventional reusable diapers are most often made from cotton, which has large impacts in terms of the water use, pesticides, and carbon dioxide emissions. Washing these diapers adds a climate pamper us increment to sewage treatment.
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Sincethe Lower 48 states have warmed by 2. But what people really feel is not the averages, but when weather is extreme. The chapter assessment includes an interactive atlas that zooms down to the county level. Northeastern cities are seeing more extreme heat, flooding and poor air qualityas well as risks to infrastructure, while drought and floods exacerbated by climate change threaten farming and ecosystems in rural areas, climate pamper us. In the Midwest, both extreme drought and flooding threaten crops and animal production, which can affect the global food supply. In the northern Great Plains, weather extremes like drought and flooding, as well as declining water resources, climate pamper us, threaten an economy climate pamper us largely on crops, cattle, energy production and recreation. Meanwhile, water shortages in parts of the southern Great Plains are projected to worsen, while high temperatures are expected to break records in all three states by midcentury. In the Southeast, minority and Native American communities — who may live climate pamper us areas with higher exposures to extreme heat, pollution and flooding — have fewer resources to prepare for or to escape the effects of climate change. The climate disturbance has also brought damaging extreme rain. Hawaii and other Pacific islands, as well as the U. Climate pamper us, are increasingly vulnerable to the extremes of drought and heavy rain as well as sea level rise and natural disaster as temperatures warm. The 2,page report comes after five straight months when the globe set monthly and daily heat records. It comes as the U. Five years ago, when the last assessment was issued, fewer people were experiencing climate change firsthand. By cleaning up industry, how electricity is made and how transport is powered, climate pamper us, climate change can be dramatically reduced.
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Non-renewable energy measures the amount of energy extracted from the earth contained in the fossil energy carrier coal, oil, climate pamper us, and natural gas or uranium ore. MRI Project No. The within-company comparisons can clearly distinguish GWP differences between products, whereas due to greater uncertainty, distinguishing among competitive products is not possible with high resolution.
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